Adas Tannuri (Oven Lentils)

I had always wondered why lentils would be served to guests.  I have tried them prior and was just not impressed with the bland flavoring.  It wasn’t until a few weeks ago that I pulled out my freshly bought lentils for one more old fashion cooking try.  I boiled up a cup for a different recipe added some butter for a tentative taste (I mean what doesn’t taste good with butter?).  This batch was what converted me into a lentil lover!  The lentils were startchy, a little crunchy from the cooking till the water was ALL gone and then some, to buttery melt in your mouth.

The recipe I did fix from that batch is not this.  However this recipe is excellent as well!

Adas Tannuri

Oven Lentils

Translation:

Cut up fat meat in pieces larger than medium and wash them, and put them in the pot and fry them.  Throw three pounds of peeled, washed, picked-over lentils on two pounds of it and a sufficiency of Swiss chard, washed and cut up four fingers (long), and add four times it’s quantity of water to it.  If it is necessary to add water during the night, do so.  Then adjust the salt and cover the top of the pot, and put it in the tannur overnight, and when it is morning, take it up.  Pound garlic and dry coriander for it, as much as needed, and put them into the lentils, then stew it.  Put finely pounded mastic cumin, and caraway on it; and lemon juice for him who wants that, for this is according to desire.

Rodison, pp. 371

Ingredients:

1 lb. chuck roast           1 bunch Swiss chard                 1 cup lentils

1 tsp salt, cumin, caraway, coriander                             1 Tbs garlic

4 C. water (or preferred meat stock)

Redaction:

Gather all of your ingredients in one area, so that time is not wasted wondering back and forth and doing small tasks.  Part of the prepping is to de-ribb the chard and cut into smaller ribbons.  To do this, cut along the main stem in the leaf on either side to separate the edible portion for the tough chewy, not so tasty, rib.  Throw away the rib portion.  Cut the leaves into horizontal strips roughly the size of 2 fingers.  The leaves will cook down a lot!

Adas spices

The chuck was cut into pieces.  Washing was not necessary with today’s modern packing techniques.  In period though washing would be a necessity to keep dirty, ash etc from becoming ingrained in fresh meat.  The meat was then fried in olive oil a little salt.

Adas Frying meat

I put 1 cup of lentils into a clay pot with 4 cups of water.

lentils in water

The swiss chard leaves were separated from the leaf rib and sliced into ribbons, roughly 1 inch wide and 3 inches long.

swiss chard in clay pot

Push the chard under the water, or if there is not enough water in the clay pot do not hesitate to add another cup or two.  Remember this is a slow cooking many hour dish.  The water will evaporate out but you don’t want the leaves or the lentils to burn so make sure there is a plenitude of liquid!  (If chicken or duck stock is desired over water by all means add that instead!)  Check the state of the liquids in the pot every 1.5 hours, just to make sure nothing is drying out.

The chard was then put in the clay pot with the lentils and waters then the fried meat was added along with the spices.

meat chard spices

The entire dish was then mixed together and put into the oven for 4 hours at 350.

Finshed beef and lentilsThis is the bowl for dinner just served from the lay pot.  It was hot steaming and melt in your mouth!  I would say this is a more fall/winter dish but I was so hungry when I ate it I really just called it delicious!

Biraf (Sweet Cream)

There are a wonderful variety of sweets to serve, however the busy medieval Middle Eastern hostess some times has to pull a feast from thin air.  All that is needed is a little cream, sugar (honey, rose water, and date syrup are optional) and a bit of fruit.  This is a sweet that is simple easy and very elegant with minimal fuss.

Biraf

(Sweetened Cream)

Translation:

Wide ceramic containers are used that have the capacity of a large skillet.  One draws the milk, strains it at once while it is still warm, and then puts it in these pans.  This should be done in the evening when the herd comes back from the pastures.  The pans are place outside, exposed to the air and the damp, but covered by a large cage.  The next morning at dawn, before sunrise, with the aid of a long shell, one collects whatever has risen to the surface and transfers it to another ceramic container that is new and clean.  One continues until nothing is left on top.  Then the containers are covered and let be.  If one fears that the sun may fall upon them, move them to a cool place.  During the day one may draw out whatever has risen to the surface and serve it.

Many people prefer to eat biraf, which is one of the best kinds of nourishment, with out anything added.  Others eat it with honey , others still with powdered sugar.  As for Ahmad al-Safasi, he prefers to eat it with syrup and rose water because this way , according to him, is the best.  I told a group of friends about this way and they liked it because, with rose water not only is it delicious but it has beneficial properties that offset the undesirable effects.  If one fears indigestion after having eaten biraf with out taking anything with it, drinking sikanjubin, which is made from quinces or eat a quince, a pear or some figs.  I saw some one eat zulabiyya with briaf!  I tried it, and it was good.

Zaouali, pp. 110

Ingredients:

1 C. heavy cream                     1/3 C. powdered sugar or honey

Optional: ¼ tsp rose water        1/3 C. date syrup or pomegranate syrup

Redaction:

Since most people do not have access to herds of milk producing animals, I used store bought heavy cream as that was what the first part of the translation was describing.

cream sugar honey

Cream rises to the top from fresh milk in cool areas.  I then added powdered sugar.  Regular sugar can be ground finer into a lighter sugar.  Modern powdered sugar may be lighter then period powdered sugar.  The sugar and cream were mixed together until slightly frothy.

Remember those candied pears from a few weeks ago?  Here they are on a plate with fruit and cream.  A sweet ending to any feast!

fruit with cream

If fresh figs are not available the dried figs work well.  Mind you I’d have preferred fresh but the season for fresh figs is not upon us yet, but when they are…I will be dunking fresh figs into the cream as my dinner!!

Salma (Noodles with Yogurt and Meat)

This recipe was to go with the noodles shown in Tiltin (Small Pasta Square) unfortunately the container in which the pasta was stored in had not been as dry as I had thought.  I ended up with fermented crumbling squares.  Soo…note to those making home made pasta, make sure the container is bone dry and stored some place that is also very dry.

I decided to post the noodle recipe as there aren’t that many recipes for noodles or pasta listed.  There is a really awesome picture (I am searching as I post this) of a Persian woman rolling out noodles on a table from a lump of dough.   An every day scene depicting dinner preparations of noodles.  What is so unusual is that medieval Middle Eastern cooking is rarely thought to actually have many noodle/pasta dishes!

With out further ado…an excellent pasta dish for either pasta squares or regular rolled out lengths of pasta (known modernly as spaghetti).

Salma

Noodle w/Yogurt and Meat

Translation:

Take dough, twist it, cut it in small pieces, and strike it like a coin with the finger, and cook it in water until done.  Then put yoghurt with it and fry meat with onions for it and put mint and garlic with it.

Rodinson, pp. 473

Ingredients:

1 C noodles (home made or store bought)

½ C yogurt       3 cloves crushed garlic  1Tbs mint

½ onion            1/3 lb chicken, beef, duck etc

My Redaction:

I had planned to use the home made noodles however the container used to store those in was not quite as dry as I had thought.  The home made pasta were no good so I had to rely on store bought noodles.

noodls yogurt spices

Here are all the ingredients for this dish.  I have 3 different types of meat on hand as I wanted to experiment with flavoring.  There is chicken and duck and beef.  Each was cooked in oil with onions.

cooking chicken w onions

This is the chicken with the onions.  Nothing special preparation wise.  In a skillet heat up some oil, add onions till translucent (or soft) then add meat.  Continue cooking till the meat is done.

While the meat was cooking I put the noodles into a pot of water with a little salt until the noodles were done.  I mixed the garlic with the yogurt and cooked the meat with onion.  Once everything was mixed or cooked, I put the noodles in a bowl, with the yogurt on top, then place the meat on the yogurt and sprinkled with mint.

noodles yogurt and cooked meat

This picture actually has a little of all three meats for a tasty comparison.  I really liked the chicken and the beef.  The duck was actually twice cooked.  The first time it was cooked in the the oven with the breast and leg meat being shredded into a bowl then fried with onions for this dish.  The duck was really really good.  By far my favorite!  Extremely time consuming though so if duck is what you want be prepared to spend a bit of time on this meat!

Sibagh Tayyib (Eggplant or Apple Relish)

I had been wanting to do this recipe for awhile now.  This just looked so very unusual to me.  It is not a creamy eggplant dip that we see nor is it a strictly sour relish.  The fact this is made with eggplant just gave it one more little curiosity twist!

Sibagh Tayyib

Eggplant (or Apple) Relish

Translation:

Boil and dry eggplants.  Take walnut meat, minced parsley, honey, wine vinegar, pepper, Chinese cinnamon, ginger, garlic, oil, caraway, dried coriander and atraf al-rib.  Boil them on the fire, and put the eggplant down in it and leave them until they sour.

Rodinson, pp. 399

Ingredients:

1 eggplant (or 3 apples)            ½ C. walnuts                2 Tbs. fresh parsley      ½ C. honey

½ C. wine vinegar                     6 cloves garlic               4 Tbs. olive oil

½ tsp pepper, Chinese cinnamon, ginger, caraway seed, coriander

*Atraf al-Tib – is a combination of premixed spices that ranged from mild to spicy.  These were either made at home or purchased from a spice merchant much like today’s powdered curries.

Redaction:

As can be seen from the ingredients picture, there are quite a few elements to this recipe.  Once everything is assembled (peeled and chopped) the cooking goes very quickly!

Sibagh Tayyib spices

The translation does not say if the eggplants are peeled or not.  I used a large regular eggplant (a common black beauty I believe) though experimenting with other types of eggplants is highly encouraged (as well as using apples).

Erring on the side of caution as eggplant skin is very bitter, I peeled the eggplant then cubed.  The cubes were placed into boiling water until just tender.

boiling eggplantOnce the eggplant was cooked the water was drained.

While the eggplant was cooking all other ingredients were blended into a pot and cooked till boiling.

blurry boiling spices

When the eggplant had been drained and dried, the cubes were added to the spice mixture.  The mixture was allowed to cook until the eggplant took the flavors of the spices, honey and vinegar.  A very sweet and sour taste.

boiling spices w eggplant

Note:  In this recipe, eggplants can be substituted with apples.  I would suggest cubing and cutting of the apples.  Peeling of the apples is optional as apple skins are not as bitter as eggplant skin.

Try this on flat bread or meat.  Very very tasty…depending on what type of spicy spice mixture you used…this can be very spicy and tasty too!